The evolution of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) standards in Cameroon: Strides made amidst lingering challenges

By Maryline Allo Kika Ade*

In Cameroon, the journey towards ensuring workplace health, safety, and environmental protection has been a complex tapestry of advancements and setbacks. Despite facing formidable obstacles, the nation has made remarkable progress in recent years through the establishment of regulatory bodies and the implementation of policies designed to foster a culture of safety and environmental stewardship. Nevertheless, persistent challenges such as limited resources, deficient infrastructure, and disparities in compliance levels among businesses underscore the pressing need for heightened awareness, education, and training.

Historical Foundations and Early Regulations

The concept of workplace health and safety (HSE) dates back to ancient civilizations such as Greece, Egypt, and Rome, where basic measures were implemented during monumental construction projects. In Europe’s Middle Ages, guilds provided rudimentary protections for workers. However, it was the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries that highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive safety standards, as factories and mines introduced new hazards leading to widespread injuries and illnesses.

Global Influence and Modern Legislation

Internationally, organizations like the American Society of Safety Professionals and landmark legislation such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) in the United States have played pivotal roles in shaping modern HSE practices. Similarly, global bodies like the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have promoted occupational health standards worldwide.

Cameroon’s Journey

Cameroon’s efforts in occupational health and safety are governed primarily by Act VI of the Labor Code and Order No 039/MTPS/IMT of 1984, which establishes general obligations for employers regarding workplace safety and hygiene. These regulations underscore the government’s commitment to protecting workers from occupational hazards.

The enactment of LAW NO. 98/015 OF 14 JULY 1998 further emphasizes Cameroon’s focus on managing establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy, or obnoxious. This law mandates state audits for industrial, commercial, and artisanal installations to prevent health risks and environmental damage.

Apart from Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998, several other laws and decrees play a crucial role in regulating environmental management, waste disposal, radiation protection, petroleum activities, mining operations, and emergency planning.

Law N°96/12 of August 5, 1996, commonly known as the Framework Law relating to the Management of the Environment, sets out the general principles for environmental protection and sustainable development in Cameroon. This law establishes the foundation for various regulations aimed at preserving the environment and ensuring responsible resource management.

Law No. 89/27 of 29 December 1989 focuses on toxic and hazardous waste management. It outlines specific measures for the collection, treatment, and disposal of such waste to prevent environmental contamination and protect public health.

Law No. 95/08 of 30 January 1995 addresses radiation protection to safeguard individuals and the environment from potential harm caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. This law establishes standards for radiation monitoring, safety practices, and emergency response protocols.

Law No. 99/013 of 22 December 1999 institutes the Petroleum Code in Cameroon, regulating all activities related to petroleum exploration, production, transportation, and distribution. This legislation aims to ensure sustainable exploitation of petroleum resources while minimizing environmental impact.

Law No. 2016/017 of 14 December 2016, known as the Mining Code excerpt, governs mining operations in Cameroon. It defines rights and obligations related to mineral exploration, exploitation licenses, environmental protection requirements, and community engagement in mining activities.

Decree No. 98-31 of 9 March 1998 outlines the organization of emergency and relief plans in case of disasters or grave dangers. This decree establishes procedures for coordinating emergency responses, mobilizing resources, and mitigating risks to protect lives and property during crises.

Decree No. 99/818/PM of 9 November 1999 sets forth terms and conditions for setting up and operating establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy, or obnoxious under Law No.98/015, providing detailed guidelines for compliance with safety standards and regulatory requirements.

These legislative instruments collectively form a comprehensive legal framework that addresses various aspects of environmental protection, industrial safety, disaster preparedness, and natural resource management in Cameroon.

Challenges and Progress

Despite these legislative frameworks, Cameroon faces challenges in fully implementing and enforcing HSE standards across all sectors. Issues such as limited resources, inadequate infrastructure, and varying levels of compliance among companies underscore the ongoing need for enhanced awareness, education, and training.

Looking Ahead

Building a robust HSE culture in Cameroon requires a multi-faceted approach: integrating regulatory frameworks, enhancing organizational practices, and fostering community engagement. Strengthening inspection and compliance measures, providing incentives for adherence, and incorporating HSE education into school curricula are crucial steps towards achieving sustainable workplace safety and environmental protection.

In conclusion, while Cameroon has made strides in legislating and implementing HSE standards, concerted efforts from government, industry, and civil society are essential to ensure comprehensive protection for workers and the environment. Continued focus on education, awareness, and enforcement will be pivotal in achieving lasting improvements in HSE practices nationwide.

About the Author

Maryline Allo Kika Ade is a seasoned Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) professional with significant industry expertise. She has progressed from an HSE officer to senior roles throughout her career, accumulating years of experience in construction safety, onshore oil and gas safety, gas pipeline construction safety, and food/commodity safety. Maryline possesses a wealth of knowledge in developing and implementing best practices and HSSEQ operational excellence standards, as well as demonstrating strong safety leadership. She is a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) and an Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) expert with over a decade of experience.

Maryline holds the NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety, is OSHA certified, and is trained as an internal auditor for ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 (environmental management systems), ISO 45001:2018, and ISO 31000:2018 (risk management). She also has a master’s degree in Quality Safety and Environment from the Faculty of Science at the University of Douala. Currently, she serves as the Head of Safety and Processing Operations at olam food ingredients (ofi) Cameroon, a leading agribusiness company.